On June 29, 2011, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, in a 2 to 1 split decision, rejected a challenge to the federal health care reform law. The case involved a constitutional challenge to the controversial Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a federal law containing an individual mandate that would require uninsured Americans, under threat of civil penalty, to purchase health insurance for themselves and their dependents. The decision was a setback for WLF, which filed a brief in the case urging the appeals court to reverse the trial court’s ruling that the individual mandate is authorized by the Commerce Clause because “economic decisions” are actually economic activities. In its brief, WLF argued that even the broadest Supreme Court precedents do not give Congress the authority to compel Americans to purchase a product they do not want.